Background: The balanced scorecard (BSC) provides useful and relevant information about the factors affecting the internal and external performance of the organization and it is the most suitable framework for evaluating the performance of healthcare organizations. One of the key principles in using the BSC is to identify the appropriate views of each organization with regard to its main mission so that it can achieve the best results to achieve its goals and strategy. The present study is aimed to identify the views and related goals in the BSC model suitable for health care centers using the fuzzy Delphi technique. Methods: The present study was a qualitative and applied research. The statistical population of the research included 15 experts in the field of health and treatment who were selected by purposive sampling. First, through literature review, and then with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire with the consensus of experts using the Delphi technique in two rounds, the views of the BSC and the related goals were determined according to the health care centers. Findings: In this research, the perspective of patients and society with three goals, financial status and performance with two goals, growth and development with four goals, internal organizational processes with four goals, and social responsibility as a new perspective with two goals to evaluate the performance of health care centers replaced the traditional perspectives of BSC. Conclusion: The use of 4 points of view appropriate to health care centers in the BSC and the addition of a new point of view under the title of social responsibility to evaluate the performance of health care centers will increase productivity and ultimately increase the satisfaction of patients and society.

The main purpose of the research is to identify and explain the Effective factors and outcomes of Level five leadership using the Delphi fuzzy technique. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey. Also in terms of typology of research, it is a mix research with qualitative and quantitative approach in inductive deductive paradigm. The statistical population of the research is knowledge based companies in Lorestan province, with 30 of their experts selected according to the principle of theoretical adequacy and using a targeted sampling method.The validity and reliability were confirmed using CVR coefficient and Kappa-Cohen test. In the quantitative section is a pair wise questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and retest were used. In the qualitative section, the qualitative data obtained from the interview using Atlas.ti software and the coding method was analyzed. In addition, in the quantitative part of the study, Delphi fuzzy method was used to determine the priority of the five level Leadership most important factors and outcomes. The results show that among the important factors of five level leadership, temperamental temperance, humility and self-esteem, high emotional intelligence, and courage in innovation as the most important accomplishments and factors leading the level five in knowledge based organizations. The results also indicate that the long-term horizons for the organization, modest leadership, deep dissemination, and mentoring, coaching, mentoring, and organizational management are among the most important consequences and outcomes of the five level leadership in the knowledge based organizations.

Introduction: Today, the old institutions and methods of management and governance of cities are in conflict with the complex and rapidly changing world in the information society. One of the new concepts to deal with the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of " "Smart City" and as a result and in its undisputed companionship is "Smart Municipality" which integrates physical and virtual capabilities and by connecting physical capital with social capital it provides the development of better and more competent services. It moves the city towards "intelligence", it is not only the use of digital, electronic tools and the information and communication system of that city, but the way of planning and using these tools in order to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. Intelligence means this. is that the performance (processes and workflow of the city and municipality) should be done optimally so that it can be said that "smart city and municipality" has been realized.

AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative and applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research and training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, and they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, and then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package and AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, and style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, and structural elements. Environmental factors include environment and innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, and human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, and technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized and categorized in a conceptual classification that has not been seen in the previous research.

Purpose: This paper aims to propose an approach for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators for effective ecosystem management. Specifically, fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy DEMATEL approaches are used to define ecosystem management goals and indicators, rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management, and rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of ecosystem management. The ultimate goal is to provide a tool to decision-makers that can help in allocating resources more effectively and efficiently toward achieving sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed approach involves a three-phase framework. Phase 1 involves identifying and determining the indicators affecting ecosystem management. This has been performed by studying theoretical articles, reviewing systematic literature, and searching previous studies to identify different indicators for each pillar of ecosystem management. A list of indicators and factors affecting each of the pillars of ecosystem management has been determined accordingly, and an initial categorization has been created using library studies. Phase 2 involves using a fuzzy Delphi method to rank the most important indicators in each pillar of ecosystem management. Experts have been asked to indicate their proposed indicators in a questionnaire based on fuzzy variables, and the degree of proportionality of the proposed factors. Phase 3 involves using a fuzzy DEMATEL approach to rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of ecosystem management. This approach handles imprecise or subjective data and can be replicated for different cities. Overall, this methodology aims to provide a comprehensive approach for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators that can be used by decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making. Findings: Findings imply that the integrated approach of the fuzzy Delphi Method and the fuzzy DEMATEL can be used to identify and rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management, and to rank the effectiveness of each indicator in each pillar of the ecosystem management. A total of 36 indicators were identified across four pillars of ecosystem management, i.e., economic, social, environmental and institutional. The results indicated that the most important indicators for each pillar were science and technology and innovation for the economic pillar; air quality, waste treatment and energy efficiency for the environmental pillar; poverty, health, and safety and security for the social pillar; and transparent sharing of information and political stability for institutional pillar. It was also found that there was a strong interrelationship between different pillars of ecosystem management. For example, the institutional pillar had serious effects on most of the other identified EM pillars. In addition, the economic pillar was the second most influential factor. Moreover, the institutional pillar profoundly influenced the environmental pillar. Finally, the economic pillar highly affected the environmental pillar, which doubled the complexity of ecosystem management. Research limitations/implications: Several limitations and implications have been addressed for future research. The number of participating experts was limited, which could affect the results and limit the possibility of their summarization. Expert bias may have influenced the results of the study. Such limitations imply that further research with a larger and more diverse group of experts is necessary to validate and expand upon such findings. This study was limited in scope to a particular ecosystem or region and the identified indicators as a result may not apply and be generalizable to other ecosystems or regions. Based on the cause-and-effect relationships between the studied elements, a hypothesis can be expanded and validated using a larger sample. Future studies could replicate this methodology in different contexts to test its applicability and effectiveness. Practical implications: Decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making can use the methodology presented in this study to identify and prioritize ecosystem indicators. By using an integration of the fuzzy Delphi Method and the fuzzy DEMATEL, decision-makers can identify the most important indicators for each pillar of ecosystem management and evaluate their effectiveness. This information can be used to allocate resources more effectively and efficiently toward achieving sustainability. Decision-makers could use this methodology to evaluate different ecosystem management practices and policies, and develop new policies or modify existing ones to better address the needs of different stakeholders. Overall, this study provides a useful tool for decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making by providing a comprehensive approach to identifying and prioritising ecosystem indicators. Social implications: This study highlights the importance of considering social factors in ecosystem management. The study identifies several social indicators, such as poverty and material deprivation, education level, public awareness and training, gender equality, and social participation. By prioritizing such indicators in ecosystem management, decision-makers can ensure that the needs and perspectives of different stakeholders are taken into account. This can help to promote social equity and cohesion, which are important for achieving sustainable development. Furthermore, by involving a wide range of stakeholders in the decision-making process, including local communities and marginalized groups, decision-makers can ensure that ecosystem management policies are more inclusive and responsive to the needs of all members of society. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of considering social factors in ecosystem management and provides a useful framework for identifying and prioritizing social indicators. Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is the application of the integrated approaches of the fuzzy Delphi Method and the fuzzy DEMATEL to identify and rank the importance of quality attributes in ecosystem management. This methodology is innovative because it allows decision-makers to handle imprecise or subjective data, which is often encountered in ecosystem management. The study provides a three-phase framework for identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators, which can be replicated for different cities. Findings indicated that science and technology, air quality, poverty, and transparent sharing of information were identified as the most important quality indicators in their respective pillars of ecosystem management alternatives. This implies that decision-makers and policymakers should consider allocating more resources toward improving such areas. Overall, this study provided a useful tool for decision-makers in environmental management and policy-making by providing a comprehensive approach to identifying and prioritizing ecosystem indicators.

Most organizations need to information systems to survive and thrive. Therefore, they should seriously protect their information assets. Creating structured and justifiable exchanges between cost, security and mission control systems security risks is essential. This is important in the planning and development of such systems. Initial appropriate decisions can reduce costs and increase ease of control risk. The first step in the risk management process is the identification of risk. The purpose of this study is identifying the most important enterprise information security risks. This study is application and view research method is descriptive. In this study, a model is presented to identify information security risks, according to ISO 27002 and cobit 4 and study the documents and using by fuzzy Delphi method and opinions of experts, which include 10 of the IT professionals of the Bank, have been presented. In this template 6 factors and 20 subfactors of information security risk factors have been identified for the Bank.

Unemployment Protection Policies is considered as one of the important policies of the labor market and social security system, and this is also noted in the fundamental laws in Iran. Nevertheless, the implementation of these policies has been limited. Since these policies are multi-dimensional, the policy implementation needs to use the experts’ wisdom. But these experts have different interpretations for the policies, their impacts and their priority for execution. In this paper, the Delphi method is used for group decision making for analyzing the Unemployment Protection policies and the fuzzy theory notions are applied for modeling verbal variables in the experts’ ideas. Accordingly, the most important challenges and approaches in dealing with the Unemployment protection policies are extracted by running three steps of the fuzzy Delphi method and are ranked by fuzzy AHP. According to experts opinion, the most important prioritized policies for supporting the unemployed people are conditioning the benefit unemployment payment to the unemployed people go to employment and training centers, revision of the unemployment insurance law, Establishing an electronic and non-electronic mechanism for monitoring the unemployment issues and detecting the violations of the law, Employment Programming for newcomers to the job market, defining employment rights, and reforming the dichotomy between the two executive organizations. The experts believe that determining the amount of unemployment insurance benefit should be subject to reductions based on the rejection of proposed jobs, based on theories related to search for a job, the independence of the wage, and the number of collateral dependents. Reducing the period of benefit unemployment, reducing or eliminating the periods that the unemployment benefits are paid based on the insurances records, the implementation of Article 10 of the unemployment insurance law, and the production of a job identification card to determine the type of skill are the recommended policies that help to determine the period of unemployment benefits. According to the experts opinions, the optimal allocation of resources and costs for unemployment insurance can be available by implementing some policies such as modifying the financing of the unemployment insurance fund, "comprehensive coverage" of the unemployment insurance, financing from the public tax, designing of a comprehensive information system for the labor market, annual budget planning with regarding to training skills according to the day needs, systemic supervision on financial activities of the unemployment insurance fund.

Iran's past experiences show that fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings require adopting the policies for increasing non-oil exports, particularly agricultural products. Saffron is one of the most important agricultural export products in Iran and identifying the factors that influence its domestic and foreign markets is very important. In this study, three main factors were examined and discussed by applying the Delphi-fuzzy method and through interviewing 45 experts and completing corresponding questionnaires. The results showed that very high capital requirements is the main disadvantages and problems in the packaging of saffron, and the lack of an appropriate advertising and of a doctrine of civic responsibility in economic damages are respectively the most important factors for brand, and for the e-commerce of saffron. Also, improving and expanding the use of e-commerce on saffron trade through widening its accessibility in urban and rural areas is recommended. This can be achieved by further expansion of IT in the universities.

The portion of non-physical capital like knowledge in the corporations' value has been consistently increasing in the last three decades. However, the measurement for these factors has always been under question. The Intellectual Capital (IC) measurement models were a solution for the measurement. This study proposed a measurement model for IC in Iran. After reviewing and summarizing the other methods' dimensions and measures, it used two qualitative methods. In the first step, some in-depth interviews were done. The interviewees were provided with the detail of the previous models' summary. Their ideas were used to limit the number of variables in the next step. Then a group of 97 experts was asked to fulfill a questionnaire. Finally, the questionnaires were analyzed by the fuzzy Delphi method. The result shows a measurement model with three dimensions (human, relational and structural capital), eight components, and 21 indicators (measures). This model is the first model, which is designed based on the Iranian experts' ideas. Furthermore, the first model provides all the model's indicators, components, and dimensions.